The human challege 12 chapters 9, 10, and 11

Question 1

Matrilineal descent groups are associated with farming societies in which ____ are the breadwinners.

Correct Answer: women

Question 2


In the Hawaiian system of kinship terminology, ego's father, father's brother and mother's brother are all referred to by the same term, and ego's mother, mother's sister and father's sister are all referred by the same term; the term "brother" includes ego's brothers as well as male cousins. This is also called ________ system.

Correct Answer: a generational

Question 3


Among the Hopi, matrilineages function as landholding corporations. The lineage gives land to its members--the women of the matrilineage, whose husbands work the land for them. A man's son learns from his father how to work the land; if he is unruly, he is disciplined by his ____.

Correct Answer: mother's brother

Question 4


The least complex system of kinship terminology (the one with the fewest terms for an anthropologist to memorize) is ____.

Correct Answer: Hawaiian

Question 5


In what country do we find the Maori people?

Correct Answer: New Zealand

Question 6


The kin-ordered social structure of the ____ offers an interesting ethnographic example of a moiety system.

Correct Answer: Winnebagos

Question 7


Lineages, clans, phratries, and moieties are types of ____.

Correct Answer: descent groups

Question 8


In autumn 1981, anthropologist ____ went to Maine to check out a job at the Association of Aroostook Indians, which needed a research and development director.

Correct Answer: Harald Prins

Question 9


Membership in a ____ is determined not by descent from a common ancestor (as in descent groups) but by the fact that they share a living relative (ego) who is the central organizing figure.

Correct Answer: kindred

Question 10


Totemism was defined by British anthropologist ____ as a set of "customs and beliefs by which there is set up a special system of relations between the society and the plants, animals, and other natural objects that are important in social life."

Correct Answer: A.R. Radcliffe-Brown

Question 11


Bilateral kinship and bilateral descent can be used interchangeably since they mean the same thing.

Correct Answer: False

Question 12


Each Scottish clan has its own traditional tartan; the patterns themselves are extremely ancient.

Correct Answer: False

Question 13


Among pastoralists and intensive agriculturalists, matrilineal descent is common.

Correct Answer: False

Question 14


The Hawaiian form of kinship is the least complex.

Correct Answer: True

Question 15


The parent-child bond appears to provide the basis for the structured social groups called descent groups.

Correct Answer: True

Question 16


Patrilineal descent is sometimes known as agnatic descent.

Correct Answer: True

Question 17


An important source of contacts in trying to arrange an Indian marriage is/are the ____.

Correct Answer: social club

Question 18


____% of marriages end in divorce in the United States.

Correct Answer: 50

Question 19


A household composed of married people contains ____ kin.

Correct Answer: affinal

Question 20


Among the Nayar, ____.

Correct Answer: a household is composed of consanguineal kin

Question 21


A residence pattern in which a married couple may choose to live in the husband's father's or wife's mother's place of residence is called ____ residence.

Correct Answer: ambilocal

Question 22


In which of the following cultural centers is homosexuality openly accepted as part of the urban lifestyle?

Correct Answer: all of the above.

Question 23


Claude Levi-Strauss founded a school of thought in anthropology known as ____.

Correct Answer: structuralism

Question 24


Detailed census records made in Roman Egypt show that brother-sister marriages among members of the non-royal farming class were common. What light does this shed on the incest taboo?

Correct Answer: It demonstrates that despite the human tendency to avoid inbreeding, it occasionally occurs and may even be preferred.

Question 25


When the economy is based on ____ and when the man does most of the productive work, the bride's people may give a dowry that protects the woman against desertion and is a statement of her economic status, especially because the differences in wealth and ownership of property are important.

Correct Answer: intensive agriculture

Question 26


Which of the following constitutes a culturally valid reason for divorce among different human groups?

Correct Answer: All of the above

Question 27


Since the 1860s in Montana, marriage is possible between two people when neither is present.

Correct Answer: True

Question 28


Anthropologists have found that the incest taboo is a universal phenomenon.

Correct Answer: True

Question 29


Monogamy is the form of marriage North Americans are most familiar with.

Correct Answer: True

Question 30


Marriage inside the group is called exogamy.

Correct Answer: False

Question 31


First-cousin marriage is prohibited in 40 states in the United States.

Correct Answer: False

Question 32


About one half of all births in the United States occur outside of marriage.

Correct Answer: False

Question 33


In North America extended families can be found on many American Indian reservations.

Correct Answer: True

Question 34


With the recent diversity and vitality of common-interest associations, observers have noted a recent increase in participation in all sorts of these groups, especially in North America.

Correct Answer: False

Question 35


Native American groups hold pow wows on reservations and in cities to maintain and re-establish cultural traditions lostg after generations of forced assimilation and schooling of their youth.

Correct Answer: True

Question 36


All human societies have some division of labor by sex.

Correct Answer: True

Question 37


Different cultural groups may occupy the same geographic space, but each can see and divide it differently in terms that are meaningful only within their group.

Correct Answer: True

Question 38


India's national constitution of 1950 abolished caste discrimination and the practice of untouchability, in effect doing away with the caste system.

Correct Answer: False

Question 39


In a number of African societies, women belong to social clubs that complement those of the men, and are concerned with educating women and with crafts, charitable, and wealth-generating activities.

Correct Answer: True

Question 40


To be a Tiriki "warrior" is the equivalent of being a student in an American college, in that both are age grades through which individuals pass.

Correct Answer: True

Question 41


An age ____ is a category of people based on age (individuals pass through the categories which are identified as significant by their culture), whereas an age ____ is a group that moves through the categories together.

Correct Answer: grade / set

Question 42


At the top of the caste system in India is the ____ caste.

Correct Answer: Brahman

Question 43


What is an eruv?

Correct Answer: a Jewish space imbued with symbolic meaning

Question 44


Symbolic indicators may not always be reliable in helping you assess someone's class status. Which of the following examples demonstrates this theory?

Correct Answer: b and d

Question 45


In some societies like the ____, many tasks men and women undertake may be shared, and people may perform work normally assigned to the opposite sex without loss of face.

Correct Answer: Ju/'hoansi

Question 46


A(n) ____ is a special form of social class in which membership is determined by birth and remains fixed for life.

Correct Answer: caste

Question 47


Which of the following is not linked to a specific caste in the Hindu caste system of India?

Correct Answer: wealth

Question 48


Anthropologist ____ was hired to carry out a social impact assessment of a water diversion project in New Mexico.

Correct Answer: Sue Ellen Jacobs

Question 49


Among the ____ of East Africa, the age group consisting of those initiated into an age grade for a 15-year period amounts to an age set.

Correct Answer: Tiriki

Question 50


The artists and laborers are members of the ____ caste in the Indian system.

Correct Answer: Shudra